Constitution of Romania
Content
Title I
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Title II
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS, FREEDOMS AND DUTIES
Title III
PUBLIC AUTHORITIES
Title IV
ECONOMY AND PUBLIC FINANCE
Title V
CONSTITUTIONAL COURT
Title VI
EURO-ATLANTIC INTEGRATION
Title VII
REVISION OF THE CONSTITUTION
Title VIII
FINAL AND TRANSITORY PROVISIONS
Revision of the Constitution
The Constitution of Romania of 1991 was amended and completed by the Law No. 429/2003 on the revision of the Constitution of Romania, published in the Official Gazette of Romania, Part I, No. 758 of 29 October 2003, republished by the Legislative Council on the grounds of article 152 of the Constitution, with the updated denominations and the renumbered texts (Article 152 became, in the republished form, Article 156).
The Law No. 429/2003 on the revision of the Constitution of Romania was approved by the national referendum of 18-19 October 2003, and came into force on 29 October 2003, the date of the publication in the Official Gazette of Romania, Part I, No. 758 of 29 October 2003 of the Decision of the Constitutional Court No. 3 of 22 October 2003 for the confirmation of the result of the national referendum of 18-19 October 2003 concerning the Law on the revision of the Constitution of Romania.
The Constitution of Romania, in its initial form, was adopted in the sitting of the Constituant Assembly of 21 November 1991, was published in the Official Gazette of Romania, Part I, No. 233 of 21 November 1991, and came into force after its approval by the national referendum of 8 December 1991.
Constitution - 1991
Major provisions of the Law for the revision of the Constitution
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Constitution - 1991
Law for the revision of the Constitution - 2003
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Revision of the Constitution
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TITLE IV
Economy and public finance
 
EconomyARTICLE 135
(1) Romania's economy is a free market economy, based on free enterprise and competition.

(2) The State must secure:
a) a free trade, protection of fair competition, provision of a favourable framework in order to stimulate and capitalize every factor of production;
b) protection of national interests in economic, financial and currency activity;
c) stimulation of national scientific and technological research, arts, and protection of copyright;
d) exploitation of natural resources, in conformity with national interests;
e) environmental protection and recovery, as well as preservation of the ecological balance;
f) creation of all necessary conditions so as to increase the quality of life;
g) implementation of regional development policies in compliance with the objectives of the European Union.

 
PropertyARTICLE 136
(1) Property is public or private.

(2) Public property is guaranteed and protected by the law, and belongs to the State or to territorial-administrative units.

(3) The mineral resources of public interest, the air, the waters with energy potential that can be used for national interests, the beaches, the territorial sea, the natural resources of the economic zone and the continental shelf, as well as other possessions established by the organic law, shall be public property exclusively.

(4) Public property is inalienable. Under the terms of the organic law, the public property can be managed by autonomous régies or public institutions, or can be granted or leased; also, it can be transferred for free usage to public utility institutions.

(5) Private property is inviolable, in accordance with the organic law.

 
Financial systemARTICLE 137
(1) Formation, administration, use and control of the financial resources of the State, of territorial-administrative units and public institutions shall be regulated by law.

(2) The national currency is the Leu, with its subdivision, the Ban. Under the circumstances of Romania's accession to the European Union, the circulation and replacement of the national currency by that of the European Union may be acknowledged by means of an organic law.

 
National public budgetARTICLE 138
(1) The national public budget shall comprise the State budget, the State social security budget and the local budgets of communes, towns and counties.

(2) The Government shall annually draft the State budget and the State social security budget, which shall be submitted separately to Parliament for approval.

(3) If the Law on the State budget and the Law on the State social security budget fail to be passed by at least three days before the expiry of the budgetary year, the previous year's State budget and the State social security budget shall continue to be applied until the adoption of the new budgets.

(4) Local budgets shall be drafted, approved and executed in accordance with the law.

(5) No budget expenditure shall be approved unless its financing source has been established.

 
Taxes, duties, and other contributionsARTICLE 139
(1) Taxes, duties and any other revenue of the State budget and State social security budget shall be established only by law.

(2) Local taxes and duties shall be established by the local or county councils, within the limits and under the terms of the law.

(3) The sums representing contributions to the establishment of funds shall only be used, according to the law, for their actual purpose.

 
Court of AuditARTICLE 140
(1) The Court of Audit shall exercise control over the formation, administration, and use of the financial resources of the State and public sector. Under the terms of the organic law, the disputes resulting from the activity of the Court of Audit shall be solved by specialized courts of law.

(2) The Court of Audit shall annually report to Parliament on the accounts of the national public budget administration in the expired budgetary year, including cases of mismanagement.

(3) At the request of the Chamber of Deputies or the Senate, the Court of Audit shall check the management of public resources, and report on its findings.

(4) Audit advisers shall be appointed by the Parliament for a term of office of 9 years, which cannot be extended or renewed. Members of the Court of Audit shall be independent in exercising their term of office and irremovable throughout its duration. They shall be subject to the incompatibilities the law stipulates for judges.

(5) The Court of Audit shall be renewed with one third of the audit advisers appointed by the Parliament, every 3 years, under the terms stipulated by the organic law of the Court.

(6) The Parliament shall be entitled to revoke the members of the Court of Audit, in the instances and under the terms stipulated by the law.

 
The Economic and Social CouncilARTICLE 141
The Economic and Social Council shall be an advisory body of the Parliament and Government, in the specialized fields stated by the organic law for its establishment, organization, and functioning.

Postal address: Palatul Parlamentului, str.Izvor nr.2-4, sect.5, Bucharest, Romania tuesday, 14 january 2025, 18:38